اثر سطوح مختلف انرژی و پروتئین بر عملکرد مرغ‌های خزک در دوره اول تخم‌گذاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

2 گروه پژوهشی شترمرغ، پژوهشکده دام های خاص، پژوهشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

10.22034/aej.2022.349517.2836

چکیده

جیره‌های غذایی مرغ‌های تخم‌گذار می‌تواند بسته به عواملی مانند سویه، اهداف تولیدی، سن و شرایط آب و هوایی متفاوت باشد. به دلیل محدودیت در مطالعات پایه در زمینه برآورد نیازهای مرغان بومی، لازم است مطالعاتی در این زمینه انجام شود تا نیازها متناسب با شرایط آب و هوایی منطقه و میزان تولید باشد. بنابراین تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف انرژی و پروتئین جیره بر عملکرد تولید و کیفیت تخم در اوایل تخم‌گذاری مرغ‌های خزک و انتخاب سطوح بهینه انرژی و پروتئین در این مرحله از تولید انجام شد. در این تحقیق 160 قطعه مرغ تخم‌گذار خزک با سن 25 هفته انتخاب و در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی به‌صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل با دو سطح انرژی قابل متابولیسم (2700 و 2900 کیلوکالری/کیلوگرم ماده خشک جیره) و دو سطح پروتئین خام (15 و 19 درصد) با 4 تکرار و در هر تکرار 10 پرنده در طول 90 روز تغذیه شدند. صفات عملکرد تولیدی و کیفیت تخم‌مرغ تولیدی در طول دوره آزمایش اندازه‌گیری شد. داده‌های آزمایش با استفاده از رویه مدل خطی تعمیم یافته تجزیه و تحلیل شده و مقایسه میانگین‌ها با استفاده از آزمون توکی انجام شد. سطح انرژی بر درصد تخم‌گذاری، توده تخم، مصرف خوراک و ضریب تبدیل غذایی و سطح پروتئین بر مصرف خوراک و ضریب تبدیل غذایی تأثیر معنی‌دار داشت (0/05˂P). هم چنین اثر متقابل انرژی و پروتئین بر تمامی صفات عملکردی به استثنای میانگین وزن تخم مرغ تولیدی معنی‌دار بود (0/05˂P) به طوری که با افزایش سطح انرژی و پروتئین درصد تولید تخم و توده تخم افزایش و مصرف خوراک و ضریب تبدیل غذایی نشان داد. اگرچه بالاترین کیفیت تخم تولیدی در مرغ‌هایی مشاهده شد که با جیره‌های دارای پایین‌ترین سطح انرژی و پروتئین تغذیه شده بودند، اما نسبت به تخم تولید شده توسط مرغ‌هایی که با بالاترین سطح انرژی و پروتئین تغذیه شده بودند، معنی‌دار نبود. نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که جیره حاوی 19 درصد پروتئین و 2900 کیلو کالری انرژی موجب بهبود تولید و ضریب تبدیل غذایی مرغ خزک می‌شود بدون اینکه کیفیت تخم تولیدی آن‌ها تحت تأثیر قرار بگیرد. بنابراین جیره با سطح پروتئین 19 درصد و انرژی 2900 کیلوکالری در دوره اول تخم گذاری مرغ خزک ایده آل است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of different levels of energy and protein on performance of Khazak hens during the first of laying period

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Rezaee 1
  • Mahmoud Ghazaghi 1
  • Farzad Bagherzadeh Kasmani 1
  • Hadi Faraji Arough 2
1 Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
2 Department of Ostrich, Special Domestic Animals Institute, Research Institute of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
چکیده [English]

The diets of laying hens can vary depending on factors such as strain, production targets, age, and climatic conditions. Due to the limitations in basic studies in estimating the requirements of native birds, it is necessary to perform studies in this field, so that the requirements are commensurate with the climatic conditions of the region and the production rate. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of dietary energy and protein on production performance and egg quality in early laying of Khazak hens and to select the optimal levels of energy and protein at this stage of production. In this study, 160 Khazak-laying hens aged 25 weeks were selected and in a completely randomized design as a factorial experiment with two levels of metabolizable energy (2700 and 2900 kcal ME/kg DM of diet) and two levels of crude protein (15% and 19%) with 4 replicates and 10 birds in each replication were fed for 90 days. Production yield and egg quality traits were measured during the experiment. Data were analyzed using the generalized linear model procedure and the means were compared using the Turkey’s test. Energy level had a significant effect on laying percentage, egg mass, feed intake and feed conversion ratio, and protein level had a significant effect on feed intake and feed conversion ratio (P˂0.05). Also, the interaction of energy and protein on all production traits except the average weight of eggs was significant (P˂0.05), so that egg production percentage, egg mass increase and feed consumption and feed conversion ratio decreased with increasing energy and protein levels. Although the highest quality eggs were observed from hens that consumed the diet with the lowest energy and protein, but it was not significant compared to eggs produced by hens that consumed the diet with the highest energy and protein. The results showed that diets containing 19% CP and 2900 kcal ME improved production and feed conversion ratio, and the quality of produced eggs did not differ significantly from diets containing low levels of energy and protein. Therefore, the diet with 19% CP and 2900 kcal ME is ideal for Khazak hens in the first period of laying hen.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Egg mass
  • Feed intake
  • Native hen
  • Haugh unit
  • Egg weight

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فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری
دوره 15، شماره 2
مرداد 1402
صفحه 183-192

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