بررسی تاثیر جایگزینی کنجاله کانولا به جای پودر ماهی در جیره غذایی ماهی پاکو قرمز (Piaractus brachypomus) بر عملکرد رشد، قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی و شاخص های خونی- ایمنی غیراختصاصی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه شیلات و منابع طبیعی، واحد بندرعباس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بندرعباس، ایران

2 گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

پودر ماهی از مهم ­ترین ترکیبات موجود در جیره­ های غذایی آبزیان محسوب می ­شود. آزﻣﺎیشی 63 روزه جهت بررسی تاثیر ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ (10، 20، 30، 40، 50 و 100 درﺻﺪ) ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻲ پروتئین ﻛﻨﺠﺎﻟﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻻ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮدر ماهی در جیره غذایی ماهی ﭘﺎﻛﻮ (Piaractus brachypomus،  گرم 1/36±45/12) ﺑﺮ ﺷﺎخص های ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد رﺷﺪ، ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ، میزان ﺑﻘﺎ، میزان قابلیت هضم جیره، فعالیت آنزیم های گوارشی و ﻛﺒﺪى و شاخص های هماتوایمنولوژیکی اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. بیش ترین میزان معنی داری (0/05>p) وزن نهایی و میزان رﺷﺪ وﻳﮋه و کم ترین ﻣﻘﺪار ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ در ماهیان ﭘﺎﻛﻮى ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ 40 درﺻﺪ ﻛﻨﺠﺎﻟﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻻ به ­دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻛﻨﺠﺎﻟﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻻ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮى یدوتیرونین ﺑﻪ تیروکسین در ﺳﺮم ﺧﻮن ﻣﺎهیان ﭘﺎﻛﻮى ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺷﺪه از 20 تا 100 درصد ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ شاهد به ­طور معنی دارى اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ (0/05>p). روﻧﺪ ﻛﺎهشی معنی دارى در میزان ﻛﻠﺴﺘﺮول ﺗﺎم، ﺗﺮى گلیسرید، لیپوپروتئین های ﺑﺎ ﭼﮕﺎلی ﭘﺎیین و بسیار پایین در ﺳﺮم ﺧﻮن ﻣﺎهیان ﭘﺎﻛﻮ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻛﻨﺠﺎﻟﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻻ ﻣﺸﺎهده ﺷﺪ (0/05>p). ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﮔﻠﻮﻛﻮسینولات و فیتات در جیره غذایی ﻣﺎهی ﭘﺎﻛﻮ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ بیش ­ترین میزان رﺷﺪ وﻳﮋه و ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻏﺬایی می ﺷﻮد، ﺑﻪ ترتیب در داﻣﻨﻪ 5/22-4/90 میکروﻣﻮل ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮم ﻣﺎده ﺧﺸﻚ و 6/52-6/12 ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ کیلوﮔﺮم ﻗﺮار دارد. ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻛﻨﺠﺎﻟﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻻ میزان فعالیت آنزیم های ﮔﻮارشی آمیلاز، لیپاز و تریپسین در روده ﻣﺎهیان ﭘﺎﻛﻮى آزﻣﺎیشی به ­طور معنی دارى اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ (0/05>p). ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ تکنیک ﺧﻂ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ، بیش­ ترین میزان رﺷﺪ وﻳﮋه (1/91 درﺻﺪ وزن ﺑﺪن در روز) ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از 40/2 درﺻﺪ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰینی ﭘﻮدرﻣﺎهی ﺑﺎ ﻛﻨﺠﺎﻟﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻻ به ­دﺳﺖ آمد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Replacement of dietary fishmeal for canola meal on the growth performance, digestibility, digestive enzyme activities and hemato-immunological responses in pacu, Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier, 1818)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Nazari 1
  • Alireza Salarzadeh 1
  • Omid Safari 2
  • Maziar Yahyavi 1
1 Department of Fisheries and Natural Resources, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
2 Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Fish powder is one of the most important ingredients in aquatic diets. A 63-day trial was conducted to examine the effect of different levels (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 100%) of fishmeal replacement for canola meal in the diet of pacu fish (Piaractus brachypomus, 45.12±1.36 g) on growth performance, survival rate, apparent digestibility coefficient of diets, activities of digestive and hepatic enzymes and hemato-immunological responses. The highest level of the final weight and specific growth rate and the lowest food conversion ratio were achieved in pacu fish fed with 40% canola meal. Significant decreasing trends were achieved in the serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein of pacu fish fed with increasing the contents of canola meal (p < 0.05). Based on the growth indices, the maximum tolerable contents of dietary glucosinolate and phytate in the pacu fish were 4.90-5.22 µmol g-1 and 6.12-6.52 g kg-1, respectively. The activities of amylase, lipase, and trypsin in pacu fish increased according to enhance CM substitution levels (p < 0.05). According to the broken line technique, the highest specific growth rate (1.91% body weight day-1) was observed in pacu fish fed with 40.2% CM.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pacu fish
  • Canola meal
  • Growth performance
  • Immunity
  • Digestibility
  • Digestive enzymes

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فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری
دوره 13، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1400
صفحه 347-362

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